THREE OUTLINE FROM EARLIER IN THE QUARTER...

HERE ARE THREE OUTLINES THAT WILL BE ON THE FINAL AND COVER INFORMATION THAT WE WENT OVER EARLIER IN THE QUARTER…

OUTLINE #1 THE NEW NATION

John Dickenson, “Experience must be our only guide. Reason may mislead us.”

Building the New Nation:

I.               BUILDING UNION:

The Constitution of 1787

Shay’s Rebellion, 1786-7

Philadelphia, 1787

Structural Features:  Three Branches: Judiciary/Executive/Legislative:

Key Concepts:

a. Federalism

1. Virginia Plan (TWO HOUSES, BASED ON POP.)

2. New Jersey Plan (ONE HOUSE, ONE VOTE PER STATE)

3. Connecticut Plan (THE GREAT COMPROMISE)

b. Democracy

c. Liberty: we are preoccupied with rights

"Liberty is to be free from restraint and violence from others." Locke

--he was crucial in that he helped Americans envision the attainment of natural rights.

"Men by nature are free, equal, and independent." Rousseau, The Social Contract 1762

"Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains."

d. Limited government

--GOVERNMENT MUST REMAIN AS SMALL AS POSSIBLE TO BE ABLE TO EFFECTIVELY REPLACE THE STATE OF NATURE.

e. Equality: belief in an equal chance at life

f. Civic Duty: perfect society has a price

     

II. PROTECTING LIBERTY: The Bill of Rights…how many can you list?

III.           PUTTING INTO PRACTICE: First Party System:           

a.     Federalists  (Hamilton)

b.     Anti-Federalists (Jefferson)

c.   Testing the First Party System:

                                    Naturalization Act

Sedition Act

Alien Enemies Act

Alien Act

Abigail Adams

“...remember the ladies, and be more generous and favorable to them than your ancestors. Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of the Husbands. Remember all Men would be tyrants if they could. If particular care and attention is not paid to the Ladies we are determined to foment a Rebellion, and will not hold ourselves bound by any Laws in which we have no voice, or Representation.”

Virginians could not have the "passion for Liberty" they claimed they did, since they "deprive their fellow Creatures" of freedom.

OUTLINE #2 JEFFERSON’S AMERICA

SHAPE OF THE NATION:

2.5 million in 1775

5.3 million in 1800

300,000 in towns of 2500 or more (less than 7% “urban”)

893,000 people in slavery

"My father was a farmer and by the help of his trusty rifle kept the family in wild meat such as bear, elk, deer, and wild Turkey."

"My Farm gave me and my family a good living on the produce of it; and left me, one year after another, one hundred and fifty dollars, for I have never spent more than ten dollars a year, which was for salt, nails, and the like. Nothing to wear, eat, or drink was purchased, as my farm produced all."

From Jefferson to the 1820s

I. Election of 1800

Revolution of 1800?

II. The Courts

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

III. The West: Completing the Vision

A. Louisiana Purchase

B. Lewis and Clark

IV. Slavery

V. Jeffersonians become

“federalists”

A. Louisiana Purchase/

Lewis and Clark

                        B. National Bank

                        C. High Tariff

                        D. Strong Military

VI. Foreign Entanglements:

War of 1812

VII. The Transportation Revolution

1. Canals   http://www.eriecanal.org/locks.html

2. Turnpikes

3. Steamboats

VIII. The “Knell” of the Union

The Missouri Compromise: 1821

OUTLINE #3 THE WAR WITH MEXICO

War with Mexico

Causes of War

      Economic Expansion:

      Playing Politics:

            British Interests in Texas

            Slave State Power Grab

      Ideas:

            Manifest Destiny

                  John L. O’Sullivan

Two Wars:

      California

      Mexico

Outcome:

A. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848)

1. Mexican cession of 525,000 square miles

2. U.S. pays $15 million

3. U.S. assumes $3.25 million in debt to Mexico

B. Gadsen Purchase: $10 million

C. Trouble: (imbalance)

FINAL DAY OF CLASS...

Terms from our last day that often become multiple-choice questions…

1. Fort Sumter

2. First Bull Run

3. Emancipation Proclamation   January 1, 1863

4. The Gettysburg Address (11/19/63)

5. Excellent Leadership:

                          Robert E. Lee (South)

                          Ulysses S. Grant (North)

FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE

 FINAL EXAM DAY AND TIME:

Format: Monday, November 26, 11-1:30

I. Multiple Choice: 25 of 27 (50%)

(these questions will be drawn from lectures since the midterm)

Be sure to study the outlines on the blog. They have the key terms that should guide your study.

II. Essay: The possible essay questions are below.

I will choose two; you will write on one.

YOU NEED TO BRING A BLUE BOOK.

1. War and History: What impact did war have on the nation? Choose at least three of the following: the French and Indian War, the Revolution, the War of 1812, the War with Mexico, and the Civil War

2. Sectionalism: How did this nation move from unity to disunion? In other words, what caused the Civil War?

3. Course Readings: Consider the key themes from The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, “Common Sense,” and The Narrative of Frederick Douglass. Link each book to its time. What does each book say about its time? For example, you might link Benjamin Franklin to the mid-century challenges or the American Enlightenment.

4. SURVEY OF COURSE: Considering the whole course, would you say that the history of the U.S. to 1865 is better characterized as a story of sorrow and oppression or one of success and freedom? Which point of view more aptly captures the history of this nation?

FOR ALL OF THESE ESSAYS, REMEMBER, PLAN TO WRITE FOR AT LEAST AN HOUR. THIS IS A COMPLETE AND THOROUGH ESSAY AND SHOULD HAVE NUMEROUS REFERENCES TO SPECIFIC DETAIL…NAMES, DATES, STORIES, EVENTS, LAWS, OR ANYTHING ELSE THAT HELPS YOU CRAFT AN INTELECTUALLY STIMULATING ANSWER.

road to civil war

I.               Sectional Differences:

A.    The Breadbasket West:

St. Louis, Cincinnati, Milwaukee, Indianapolis, Chicago

Chicago:          1833: 150 houses

                                                                        1847: 17,000 people

                                                                        1860: 109,000 people

B.    The Urbanizing North

1820: 6.1%

1860: 20%

1860:  110,274 industrial establishments

(128,300 in entire country)

1860 Northern City Population

1.         New York City - 813,669

2.         Philadelphia - 565,529

3.         Brooklyn - 266,661

4.         Baltimore - 212,418

5.         Boston - 177,840

6.         Cincinnati - 161,044

7.         St. Louis - 160,773

8.         Chicago - 112,172

9.         Buffalo - 81,129

10.      Newark - 71,941

(The only Southern city to compare wasNew Orleans with 168,675 citizens)     Source: 1860 U.S. Census

C.   The Oligarchic South

--1860: 5.6 million whites

--1700 own around 100 slaves

--46,274 own around 20 slaves

--slave population was 3.84 million

--26,000 free blacks in the South

--36% of families in South own

slaves in 1830

--25% of families in South own

slaves in 1860

--Traveling the 1,460 miles from Baltimore to

New Orleans in 1850 meant riding five different railroads, two stage coaches, and two steamboats.

--By 1850, 20 percent of adult white southerners

could not read or write, compared to a national figure of 8 percent.

DO THESE DIFFERENCES MATTER?

                                    Wilmot Proviso (1846)

II.  COMPROMISE OF 1850

            1845: 15-13   (Texas and Florida)

            1846: 15-14 (Iowa)

            1848: 15-15 (Wisconsin)

1.     Fugitive Slave Act

2.     Abolish slave trade in D.C.

3.     Cali in as Free State

4.     Popular Sovereignty in new territories

5.     Resolved boundary dispute btw. Texas

and New Mexico

III. The Trouble Escalates:

A. Transcontinental Railroad

--Stephen Douglas

            B. Kansas-Nebraska Act

C. “Bleeding Kansas” (1854-1858)

                                    --New England Emigrant Aid Company

                                    --“Beecher’s Bibles”

                                    --John Brown

                                    --Pottawatomie Creek (May 24, 1856)

            D. The Caning of Sumner (1856)

SOUTHERN RESPONSE:

Louisville, Kentucky, Journal (28 May 1856)

The assault of Brooks upon Sumner in the Senate Chamber has created a prodigious excitement throughout the North. The assault is deeply to be regretted, because in the first place it was a very great outrage in itself, and because in the second place it will, especially if not promptly and properly punished at Washington, greatly strengthen the anti-slavery and anti- Southern feeling in the Northern States and thus help the Black Republican party.

Columbia, South Carolina, South Carolinian (27 May 1856)

We were not mistaken in asserting, on Saturday last, that the Hon. Preston S. Brooks had not only the approval, but the hearty congratulations of the people of South Carolina for his summary chastisement of the abolitionist Sumner.

Immediately upon the reception of the news on Saturday last, a most enthusiastic meeting was convened in the town of Newberry…The meeting voted him a handsome gold-headed cane, which we saw yesterday, on its way to Washington, entrusted to the care of Hon. B. Simpson.

Here in Columbia, a handsome sum, headed by the Governor of the State, has been subscribed, for the purpose of presenting Mr. Brooks with a splendid silver pitcher, goblet and stick, which will be conveyed to him in a few days by the hands of gentlemen delegated for that purpose. In Charleston similar testimonials have been ordered by the friends of Mr. Brooks.

And, to add the crowning glory to the good work, the slaves of Columbia have already a handsome subscription, and will present an appropriate token of their regard to him who has made the first practical issue for their preservation and protection in their rights and enjoyments as the happiest laborers on the face of the globe.

IV. Party Politics

            A. Decline of the Whigs

            B. Rise and Fall of the "Know-Nothings"

            C. Rise of the Republicans

                        --The Election of 1856--

            Buchanan(Dem.) vs. Fremont(Rep.) in North

Buchanan vs. Fillmore in South

                                                                        (American/Know-Nothing/Whig)

V. On the Verge of War:

            A. Dred Scott

An Excerpt from Booker T. Washington’s Up From Slavery.

Washington recounts a conversation with an elderly black man who said he had been born in Virginia and sold into Alabama in 1845. I asked him how many were sold at the same time. He said, “There were five of us: myself and brother and three mules.”

B. Panic of 1857

            C. Lincoln-Douglas Debate for Senate

                        (Rep.)                          (Dem.)

August 21, 1858 (first debate)

Douglas:

I would never consent to confer the right of voting and of citizenship upon a negro.

 I believe that this new doctrine preached by Mr. Lincoln and his party will dissolve the Union if it succeeds. They are trying to array all the Northern States in one body against the South, to excite a sectional war between the Free States and the Slave States, in order that the one or the other may be driven to the wall. (Douglas)

Lincoln’s Response:

I will say here, while upon this subject, that I have no purpose directly or indirectly to interfere with the institution of slavery in the States where it exists. I believe I have no lawful right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so. I have no purpose to introduce political and social equality between the white and the black races.

There is a physical difference between the two, which in my judgment will probably forever forbid their living together upon the footing of perfect equality, and inasmuch as it becomes a necessity that there must be a difference, I, as well as Judge Douglas, am in favor of the race to which I belong, having the superior position. I have never said anything to the contrary, but I hold that notwithstanding all this, there is no reason in the world why the negro is not entitled to all the natural rights enumerated in the Declaration of Independence, the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.

A house divided against itself cannot stand…I believe that this country cannot endure permanently half slave and half free. (Lincoln)

            D. John Brown's Raid

            E. The Election of Lincoln

                        Lincoln (Rep.)

                        Douglas (Dem.)   {border and North}

                        Breckinridge (Dem.)  {South}

           

Lincoln’s First Inaugural Address: March 4, 1861

In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow-countrymen, and not in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war. The Government will not assail you. You can have no conflict without being yourselves the aggressors. You have no oath registered in heaven to destroy the Government, while I shall have the most solemn one to "preserve, protect, and defend it."

I am loath to close. We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained it must not break our bonds of affection. The mystic chords of memory, stretching from every battlefield and patriot grave to every living heart and hearthstone all over this broad land, will yet swell the chorus of the Union, when again touched, as surely they will be, by the better angels of our nature.

Fort Sumter, the first official “battle” of the Civil War, would occur a month later  (April 12, 1861)